The benefits of electric heating over gas in roller hearth furnaces

For steel producers, roller hearth furnaces are essential for altering the properties of the goods passed through the furnace, whether bars, tubes, plates or coils of wire. Regardless of the size or temperature of the furnace, which can vary greatly, having a controlled, uniform heat is crucial for the quality of the final product.

Jonas Ekström, Application Specialist, Business Development Steel, Kanthal.“These types of furnaces typically operate continuously 24/7 so the more stable the process is, the better,” says Jonas Ekström, Application Specialist, Business Development Steel, Kanthal. “If the material is heated unevenly or if the temperature inside the furnace fluctuates, then it becomes much harder to get the desired properties and quality in the finished steel.”

Multiple cost savings deliver fast return in investment

The conventional heating solution for rolling hearth furnaces are gas heaters, but the industry is increasingly moving toward electric heating because of the many benefits it can offer. For one, thermal efficiency is far higher at almost 100 percent, meaning that virtually all the heat produced is being used inside the furnace. Gas heaters, on the other hand, typically have thermal efficiency at around 30 to 40 percent since so much heat is lost in the exhaust.

Historically, producers have chosen gas over electric as it has often been cheaper. However, rising gas prices as well as increasing carbon taxes mean that this is changing. When you also factor in the energy efficiency gains and the corresponding reduction in CO2 emissions, the business case for electric heating becomes stronger.

“Not only can you reduce costs through lower energy consumption, but you can also reduce costs from carbon pricing initiatives or avoid possible penalties for emissions,” Ekström says.

In addition, the temperature accuracy from electric heating is far more precise and controllable, which can help increase production yields. “With a gas heater you will always have a hotspot where the burner is located, and where you have the center of the flame it can be close to 2,000°C (3,630°F). In contrast, an electric heater radiates an even temperature across the whole element, so the quality of the steel will be better.”

Vast experience and a broad portfolio

With decades of experience working with electric heating, Kanthal has developed a range of solutions suitable for roller hearth furnaces, depending on the furnace’s size, design and requirements. For temperatures of up to 1,250°C (2,280°F), the most common solutions are Tubothal® metallic heating elements in combination with Kanthal® APM, APMT, Kanthal® AF or NiCr tubes, or Fibrothal® prefabricated heating modules for temperatures up to 1,350°C (2,450°F). For temperatures up to 1,850°C (3,360°F), there are Globar® silicon carbide (SiC) heating elements or Kanthal® Super MoSi2 heating elements.

The power output is on par with gas, and then you get all these other benefits too.

“The main questions we often get from customers are based on concerns about electric heating’s ability to deliver enough power and high enough temperatures,” Ekström says. “But as we have proven for many years, the power output is on par with gas, and then you get all these other benefits too. In fact, if you’re still using gas heaters to heat the inside of tubes, you should swap them for electric as soon as possible.”